Two component liquid systems questions | form five Chemistry

Nitrobenzene (C₆H₅NO₂) and water form a mixture of immiscible liquids which boils at 99^oC. Calculate the percentage by mass of nitrobenzene in the distillate when the mixture is distilled at 1.013x10⁵Pa given that the vapour pressure of water at 99^oC  is 9.749x10⁴Pa. Show your work clearly including manipulations of units. [Molar masses: nitrobenzene = 123g mol^-1, water =18g mol^-1].

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Water (b.p 100^oC) and phenylamine (b.p 184^oC) form a mixture of immiscible liquids that boils at 98^oC. With the aid of a diagram , show how steam distillation of this mixture can be achieved.

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Show how the equation for the partition law of solute `x` dissolved in two immiscible solvents A and B will be represented when solute `x`:

1. Associate in solvent A and remain normal in solvent B.
2. Dissociate in solvent A and associate in solvent B.
3. Dissociate in solvent B and remain normal in solvent A.

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Fifty (50) grams of the acid are dissolved in one litre (1000cm³) of water. The distribution coefficient of the acid between ether and water is 3. A volume of 1000cm³ of ether is available for use in the extraction process. Two experiments were performed to extract acid from water. In the forst experiment, 1000cm³ of ether were used once, i.e., single extraction . In the second experiment, two extractions were performed , each using 500cm³ of ether. Compare the amounts of the acid left in the aqueous solution in each case and recommend the best method to extract the acid from water.

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